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Weight reduction with a patch, WHY?



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By : Alex H Carr    99 or more times read
Submitted 2010-12-16 14:36:19
Now there are numerous application including weight loss.
Transdermal drug delivery (pores and skin patch) is the non-invasive supply of medications from the surface of the pores and skin - the largest and most accessible organ of the human body - by its layers, to the circulatory system. Treatment supply is carried out by a patch that's hooked up to the body surface. Transdermal patch is a medicated adhesive pad that's designed to launch the energetic ingredient at a relentless fee over a period of a number of hours to days after software to the skin. It is also known as skin patch. A pores and skin patch uses a special membrane to manage the rate at which the drug contained throughout the patch can pass by the pores and skin and into the bloodstream.
Today medicine administered via pores and skin patches embrace scopolamine (for motion illness), estrogen (for menopause and to forestall osteoporosis after menopause), nitroglycerin (for angina), lidocaine to relieve the ache of shingles (herpes zoster). Non-medicated patches embody thermal and cold patches, weight loss patches, nutrient patches, skincare patches (therapeutic and cosmetic), aroma patches, and patches that measure sunlight exposure.
Advantages and downsides of transdermal drug delivery
Transdermal drug delivery methods provide several necessary advantages over more traditional approaches, together with:
* longer length of motion resulting in a reduction in dosing frequency
* Increased convenience to administer medication which would otherwise require frequent dosing
* improved bioavailability
* more uniform plasma levels
* decreased uncomfortable side effects and improved remedy as a result of upkeep of plasma ranges up to the end of the dosing interval
* flexibility of terminating the drug administration by simply removing the patch from the skin
* Improved affected person compliance and luxury via non-invasive, painless and simple utility
A few of the greatest disadvantages to transdermal drug delivery are:
* chance that a native irritation on the web site of application
* Erythema, itching, and local edema will be attributable to the drug, the adhesive, or other excipients in the patch formulation
The principle elements of a transdermal patch are:
Transdermal patch might embody the following components:
* Liner - Protects the patch during storage. The liner is eliminated prior to use.
* Drug - Drug solution in direct contact with launch liner
* Adhesive - Serves to stick the elements of the patch collectively together with adhering the patch to the skin
* Membrane - Controls the release of the drug from the reservoir and multi-layer patches
* Backing - Protects the patch from the outer surroundings
Kinds of transdermal patches
There are 4 principal forms of transdermal patches:
Single-layer Drug-in-Adhesive
On this system the drug is included instantly within the skin-contacting adhesive. In this sort of patch the adhesive layer is liable for the releasing of the drug, and serves to stick the varied layers together, along with your complete system to the skin. The adhesive layer is surrounded by a temporary liner and a backing.
Multi-layer Drug-in-Adhesive
The Multi-layer Drug-in-Adhesive is similar to the Single-layer Drug-in-Adhesive in that the drug is incorporated directly into the adhesive. The multi-layer system adds another layer of drug-in-adhesive, usually separated by a membrane. This patch also has a temporary liner-layer and a everlasting backing.
Reservoir
The Reservoir transdermal system design features a liquid compartment containing a drug solution or suspension separated from the discharge liner by a semi-permeable membrane and adhesive. The adhesive component of the product can either be as a steady layer between the membrane and the discharge liner or as a concentric configuration around the membrane.
Matrix
The Matrix system has a drug layer of a semisolid matrix containing a drug resolution or suspension, which is in direct contact with the release liner. The adhesive layer in this patch surrounds the drug layer partially overlaying it.
The way forward for transdermal drug delivery
Transdermal drug delivery is theoretically ideal for a lot of injected and orally delivered medication, but many medicine can't go via the skin because of skin's low permeability. Pharmaceutical firms develop new adhesives, molecular absorption enhancers, and penetration enhancers that can enhance pores and skin permeability and thus significantly expand the vary of medication that can be delivered transdermally.
Two of the higher-identified technologies that may assist achieve important skin permeation enhancement are iontophoresis and phonophoresis (sonophoresis). Iontophoresis involves passing a direct electrical present between two electrodes on the skin surface. Phonophoresis makes use of ultrasonic frequencies to help transfer high molecular weight medication by the skin.
A more moderen and probably more promising expertise is micro needle-enhanced delivery. These techniques use an array of tiny needle-like structures to open pores within the stratum corneum and facilitate drug transport. The constructions are sufficiently small that they do not attain the nerve endings, so there is no such thing as a sensation of pain. These techniques have been reported to greatly improve (as much as 100,000 fold) the permeation of macromolecules by means of skin.

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