Weaving in the 19th and 20th Centuries & Chelaberd Carpets
Caucasian weaving of the final one hundred eighty years is an advanced affair. There is a unprecedented multiplicity of influences within the area; tradition, ethnography, politics, religion, geography and climate have all influenced rug weaving within the region. In recent times, the fantastic quality of rugs has caused a lot examine of weaving on this space and there's now a well-organized body of scholarship.
Basically, the designs and colours of Caucasian rugs usually are not in themselves enough to determine the place of birth with absolute certainty. There are, in fact, some particularly effectively-documented designs which have been traced to supply, but they represent solely a small part of the exceptionally big selection of designs present in Caucasian weavings. The one essential consider determining the areas from which particular carpets originate is the type of wool used, and the length of pile. Heavy wool rugs are good insulators and the sheep reared in the mountainous districts grow heavier, shaggier and have longer fleece than these reared in the lowland areas. The rugs woven in the mountain villages have a richer, longer and heavier pile, and their colours tend to be hotter. Thus the areas which produce lengthy-piled rugs are Kazak, Gendje, Lesghi, and several types of Karabagh; medium piles are found on Talish, Lenkoran and Daghestan weavings, and high-quality low pile on Shirvan, Kuba and Baku rugs.
As to the proliferation of designs, there are some 350 different tribes within the space, talking approximately 150 totally different dialects. The south-west, within the Armenia-kazak area, is peopled by Christian Armenians; in the south-east are Tartars of the Mongol descent, and Persians; to the north, the principal tribes are the Shirvans, Dagestans, Chechens and Lesghis, and to the north-west are Cherkesses (Circassians).
There are, after all, cultural and ethnic overlaps in all these areas. To provide some indication of the problem in ascribing specific designs to particular areas, the Russian scholar S. Zerminov, in his research Azerbaijan Carpets, gave the names of 123 villages in the southern and mid-Caucacus which produced carpets of distinctive design. For the whole of the Caucacus, we would probably have to multiply this figure by an element of at the very least four. Most of the schematic animal motifs present in Caucasian weavings can be traced again centuries, and are in all probability of Scythian origin.
For comfort, it is doable to divide the Caucacus into ten weaving areas : Kazak, Karabagh, Gendje, Talish, Moghan, Shirvan, Baku, Kuba, Daghestan and Derbend. It must be noted, however, that the generic identify Kazak is commonly utilized to a wide variety of Caucasian rugs, which have not essentially been woven in the Kazak district.
Chelaberd rugs are also known as Eagle Kazaks. Though the design of these rugs reveals an affinity to Kazak rugs, structurally, they're undisputedly Karabagh. The thick yarn utilized by weavers in these two areas creates a superficial similarity to the weave patterns of the 2 types. The products of this space have one of the few distinctive Caucasian weaves, consisting of weft threads after every two rows of knots. The Kazaks, on the other hand, all appear to have an irregular number of wefts, from to 4, after each row of knots.
Chelaberd rugs have been made within the southeast Caucasus, bordering northern Persia. The Caucasus mountain range stretches from the Caspian Sea to the Black Sea in the space of modern-day Azerbaijan and southern Russia, and it's in the villages of those mountains that among the most highly collectible rugs originated.
Probably the most collectable rugs and carpets from this area are these woven between 1800 and 1900. The late nineteenth century is the final hurrah for village and nomadic rugs. By the early twentieth century, they now not used pure dyes, and the designs and weaving were a lot less appealing. Chelaberd rugs have been predominantly made in conventional sizes comparable to 4' x 6' and 5' x 7'…runners of this dimension had been seldom woven in this tribal village. In consequence, Chelaberd runners are very fascinating and highly sought out by collectors.
The best nineteenth-century Caucasian village rugs exhibit the inventiveness of the cottage-business weavers who created stylized variations of conventional design parts and used local materials to their greatest advantage. Throughout this time, using natural dyes was still a practiced art, resulting in vivid colors. Design motifs reminiscent of sunburst medallions, dragons, and temple arches appear in lots of the best village rugs.
The origin of the identify "Eagle Kazak" has a number of explanations. The medallion design within the middle of the carpet is known as an Eagle design. There's some resemblance between these medallions and the Russian double-headed eagle. The other (much less accepted) principle comes from the definition of Chelaberd itself. Some claim that Chelaberd means Eagle within the native dialect, a blend of Armenian, Russian and Arabic.
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