One of the philosophies that believes in past lives reincarnation and other births for the soul is the Hindu philosophy. The Hindu philosophy also believes in athma (soul) and karma (deeds).
The Hindu religion states that reincarnation happens because of the soul or athma, and because of karma, or the deeds one does during one's life. Hindu scriptures state that the soul doesn't die, and only can change from one form to the next; this is similar, for example, to the way one might simply shed old clothes for new.
This is very different than the Christian philosophy of reincarnation as it centers around Christ's resurrection.
Hinduism believes that reincarnation can happen for the soul in many forms, whether man, woman, or animal, and that the deeds or karma of one's present life will determine the state of the next life.
There are many Hindu scriptures, among them the most notable and famous is Bhrigu Sanhita which apparently had a list of rebirths and past lives of all living souls. Unfortunately over time this scripture became lost.
As far as modern-day accounts of reincarnation or rebirth, Dr. Ian Stevenson has collected some fascinating data. Today, science frowns on the concept of reincarnation as an actual reality, so no one can state with certainty that this is the most respected scientific source to be had on reincarnation as a theory. It is, however, the most well documented and famous, because Dr. Stevenson had a degree in medicine and was a psychiatrist.
Today, most therapists who use past life regression induce trances in subjects or use hypnosis to get them to recall past lives. Dr. Stevenson did not do that, however. He simply talked to children who could spontaneously recall events from their own past lives.
Most noted and perplexing among these cases was that of a small child, a boy, six years old, from a small village in Punjab. This child claimed that he had been a man named Satnam Singh.
The boy could vividly describe the man's village of Chakkchela, even though the boy had never actually been there.
The family tried to dissuade the boy from telling people about this, but he continued to claim that he was Satnam; he also gave the name of this man's father. He also said that he had been killed in his past life as he was coming home from school in a motorcycle accident.
This claim was investigated, and it was indeed found that the man had been killed in just the way the young boy described. He also revealed other intimate details about the family, but the most startling aspect of his reincarnation claims was that when the young boy's and Satnam Singh's handwriting was compared, it was found to be identical.
Stevenson also interviewed a young girl named Swarnalata, another of his famous cases. This young girl was just three years old, but she remembered her past life as a young woman named Biya Pathak.
The child could describe the house the young woman had lived in with very significant clarity, and even took her father to the property when they were traveling back from the railway station in their town one day. She further said that if they were to go to this young woman's house, they could get a far better cup of tea then they could on the road.
Again, the final proof turned out to be when the child recognized the young woman's brother, and addressed him by a pet name the young woman had had for him, among a group of nine people.
Stevenson's files are filled with these cases, dozens of them. Stevenson also asserted that if a physical trauma has taken place in the last life, it can show up in the next as a birthmark.
As one example, a man from Thailand recalled that he was the reincarnation of his deceased maternal uncle. This man had a scar in the exact location where his uncle had suffered a fatal knife wound, to his head.
Then, there was the case of a boy claimed to remember his past life in which he was a man called MahaRam, the man was killed by close range shots to the chest, the boy had several birthmark like scars on his chest that could correspond to a gun shot wound.
Many psychiatrists are like Dr. Stevenson, and agree that past life regression or rebirth is a valid concept. Most notably, Dr. Brian Weiss does, and he is a leading expert of past life regression. Even so, science is very skeptical about the concept of past life and rebirth.
It's also worth noting, however, that when people undergo past life reduction therapy, they can often get rid of life long fears and phobias after just a few sessions.
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