The practice of evil is called wrong practice (MicchapatÚipatti), whereas that of good is called right practice (SammapatÚipatti). If one does not wish to go the wrong way, but through ignorance one strays from the path of virtue, then one should lead the heart back, anew to the way of virtue. As was known of old, if one avoids knowledge of evil, then one avoids getting caught up in it. If one gets caught up in it, then one must return again quickly to the path of virtue. As a young sapling which is bent may be straightened out while it is still young, so we should turn away from evil before the habit becomes fixed. These evil things arise due to the senses which are their rot cause. Therefore the eleven divisions of this realm are called “The Realm of Sensuous Becoming” (Kamabhava). Beings who are born into these eleven realms have the five spheres of sensation6 in which they find satisfaction.When beings are happy with these senses, then they have desire for them. This is called the craving for sensation (KamatanÚha).
When sense desire arises, we search for a suitable environment and try to attain satisfaction of the senses therein. People have the desires of people and kings of kings.When all of us are striving for these things, then we divide all things into ours and theirs; thus there are our people and their people, our village and their village, our territory and theirs, our country and theirs. This applies to both animals and human beings, due to which, animals quarrel with each other, and human beings are out of harmony with one another. Thus, brothers and sisters quarrel together, relations quarrel with relations, friends with friends, people with each other, groups of people with other groups and countries with countries. Then they form armies and fight each other; all due to the attachment to sense desires.
Beings of all types who exist in the realm of sense desires (Kamaloka) derive pleasure from the senses and their minds are immersed in the senses. For this reason their minds are said to be in the Sensual Realm of Mind (Kamavacara Bhumi).
One whose Citta is in the sensual realm may see that in this state there are two distinct categories. The first is that of suffering and distress (Duggati); the second being that of happiness and ease (Sugati). Those who come within the second group may want to get happiness from the senses, but if they do this in the wrong way, they will get only sorrow and suffering. They want to get more hap piness, but all they get is more sorrow; they are then classed as ignorant or evil people, whose defilements become thick and whose wisdom is weak. Being in dread of suffering, they run after just those things which lead to suffering.
Beings of all types loathe suffering and distress and delight in happiness; they love their own life and hate death. Knowing that this is the aim of each one of us, then we should not hinder each other, but think of and look upon others as we do on ourselves. We should live our lives righteously and not take advantage of others. One who does this is a gentleman and a wise man.
If one desires the happiness of the senses which may be found in the true human or the heaven states, one must have the Dhamma1 of a human being or of a deva2 as one’s usual behaviour. Thus one should evelop those action which lead to this result, including :(a) Generosity, (b) the five moral precepts (Sila), (c) the ten actions .3This is called Human Dhamma; and the person who has this Dhamma constantly in his heart, has both a body and mind which are truly human; they are like true gold, which is of value to all people.
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