Cysts are very common in women who are in their child bearing years. They are fluid filled sacs which resemble blisters and grow on the ovaries. The majority of cysts resolve without any treatment. Causes of cysts vary from a hormonal imbalance to the egg from the ovary not releasing every week.
Functional ovarian cysts occur when the empty follicle that produces an egg every month fails to dissolve and a cyst results from this. Dermoid cysts and polycystic ovarian cysts happen as a result of an imbalance between oestrogen and progesterone which are the two female hormones.
Some types of cysts contain different matter which may even include skin, hair and teeth. This type are referred to as dermoid cysts. The condition endometriosis can cause cysts to grow on the ovaries called chocolate cysts. They form when some of the lining from the uterus escapes and attaches to the ovaries, causing a cyst and containing trapped blood.
Sometimes cells develop on the outer surface of the ovaries, these are adenoma cysts. In a condition called polycystic ovaries a hormonal imbalance and results in a follicle cysts building up and thickening. In turn the ovaries enlarge and the outer coating becomes very thick which can mean that ovulation cannot occur, leading to fertility problems.
The symptoms of cysts may be pain and a dull ache in the stomach. Sometimes they do not cause any problems at all and therefore a lot of people may not even realise they have a cyst.
Surgery is not usually required for asymptomatic cysts and the advice given may be to leave them alone to see if they go of their own accord. If, however, the cyst ruptures or is very painful or large, surgical intervention may be indicated.
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