The most common trigger of a Myocardial Infarction (MI) can be a blood clot known as thrombosis. This forms inside a coronary artery, or 1 of its branches. This blocks the blood flow to a portion of the heart.
Blood clots do not commonly form in normal arteries. On the other hand, a clot may perhaps form if there's some atheroma within the lining of the artery. An Atheroma is similar to fatty patches or 'plaques' that develop, inside the lining of arteries. Plaques of atheroma may perhaps gradually form over numerous years, in one or additional places inside the coronary arteries. Each and every plaque has an outer firm shell having a soft inner fatty core.
A 'crack' develops inside the outer shell of the atheroma plaque. This is referred to as 'plaque rupture'. This exposes the softer inner core of the plaque to blood. This can then trigger the clotting mechanism in the blood to form a blood clot. As a result, a create up of atheroma will be the base challenge that leads to most circumstances of MI.
Nonetheless; atheroma may well develop in any section of the coronary arteries. 'Clot busting' drugs can break up the clot and undo the blockage. If given quickly sufficient this prevents harm to the heart muscle, or limits the extent of the harm. Aspirin is an example of an anti-clogging medication.
You can find numerous other uncommon conditions that may block a coronary artery and cause an MI. For example, inflammation of the coronary arteries (rare); a stab wound to the heart; a blood clot forming elsewhere within the body (for example, in a heart chamber) and traveling to a coronary artery where it gets stuck. Cocaine abuse can trigger a coronary artery to go into spasm. There may be complications from heart surgery or some other rare heart complications.
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