A timing belt (sometimes identified as the cam belt) is part of an internal combustion engine and runs the timing of the valves of the engine. This newer design has now replaced the timing chains that were once widely used in the 70's and 80's. Some companies like BMW who are very quality conscious continued to employ timing chains since they seem to last longer.
When looking inside of an internal combustion engine, it is possible to actually see how the timing belt connects the crank to the camshaft which is what allows for opening and closing the the valves. Connecting the cam shaft to the belt are a set of teeth that ensure that everything is synchronized with the same speed of the crankshaft. Timing belts are not universal and frequently propels other engine components as in the fuel and water pumps.
The newer composite rubber belts have certain advantages such as the following:
-it is a lot more quiet than gears and chains
-it is much more economical however perhaps not as strong
-because it's lighter in weight, it is far more efficient
-not like a system which utilizes gears and chains, no lubrication is required
Timing belts are normally equipped with protective covers made of metal or polymers that must be unfastened in order to gain access to the belt itself for inspection or to be changed out. The majority of engine manufacturers will advise a switching the timing belt at set intervals and sometimes suggest combining this with water pump replacement to reduce future costs. Otherwise, if you hear a rattling noise, it most likely means that the timing belt needs to be switched out. If you do not replace the timing belt at the prescribed times you will only being causing damage that will result in engine failure. you should regularly refer to the owner's manual regarding the maintenance schedule and exactly when you should replace the timing belt. Typically the manual suggests a replacement of the timing belt after every 60,000 to 90,000 miles, or 96,000 to 144,000 kilometers. Furthermore the timing belt tensioner should also be replaced when it is time to replace the timing belt.
Mostly timing belts fail because several of the teeth get stripped and can no longer keep their grip. Another reason could be delamination of the core. It's important to always have the appropriate belt tension. When your belt becomes to loose it will whip around and if it is too tight it will cause additional tension on the bearings.
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