There are several different types of pressure transducers. However, before explaining the types and styles currently available, one question should be answered. What is a pressure transducer?
In its most basic terms, a pressure transducer measures the pressure exerted on its sensing mechanism and change it to an electrical signal. They are most commonly used to calibrate the pressure that a gas or liquid exerts under variable conditions. They are widely used in aeronautics and oceanographic vehicle manufacture. Various types are made with special conditions in mind, such as measuring pressure exerted in a vacuum or when the gas or liquid is exposed to an extreme range of temperatures. The measurements are then recorded onto data loggers.
For example, the most widely used and economical transducer is the strain gage type. When pressure is exerted on a diaphragm, strain is placed on the instrument gages. This is then converted to an electrical signal.
The output can take three different forms. Millivolt output transducers are among the least expensive type. They are most useful when the distances involved are short and the environment does not feature a lot of electrical noise. A consistent power supply is necessary for the most accurate readings.
Voltage output pressure transducers are less susceptible to electrical noise. The power supply is also not as important as with millivolt transducers. The final type of output is a 4-20 mA output pressure transducer, sometimes called a pressure transmitter. These types are often used when lead wires must span a long distance. Least susceptible to electrical noise and power fluctuations, these types can utilize lead wires of around 35 yards or more.
Pressure transducers are further categorized based on other factors. The type of sensor and type of pressure is one indicator. Absolute sensors test in a true absolute vacuum. Gauge sensors test relative pressure. Differential pressure sensors test the difference between two or more pressures. And a sealed sensor is calibrated and then sealed to measure pressure in terms of a known pressure, usually at sea level.
Pressure transducers are also classified into two basic categories. The first are the force collectors, which use a bellows, piston, or diaphragm. The second category is basically all transducers that are not force collectors, and encompasses thermal and resonant transducers. Strain gage transducers fall in the category of force collectors, as are capacitive transducers commonly used to take readings under low pressures. Piezoelectric transducers, which are often used to test combustion in automobile engines, are also force collectors. The resonant and thermal transducers check the density of a test gas while under pressure, and are often used to take multiple readings over an extended length of time.
Anyone asking, "What is a Pressure Transducer?" may also wonder about some of their applications. They are important tools to manufacturers of aircraft, automobiles, weather instruments, and satellites. From rockets to weather balloons, pressure transducers are used to measure the effects of changes in air pressure. They are also used to help submarines measure depth. In addition, several industries use them to test pressurized systems for leaks.
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