The choices for setting up a good feeding program for your horse these days can be overwhelming. Any good program however, begins with quality hay. Being grazers by nature, horse's digestive systems are designed to process the high fiber and roughage found in quality forage.
Alfalfa hay has been a staple of horse diets since time out of mind. While it has many benefits, it also has many drawbacks as well. It is so rich and full of nutrients that it can actually overwhelm the horse's digestive system and potentially cause health and even behavioral problems. Using a little bit is better than using a lot. It goes a long way.
A good grass based hay, such as Orchard grass, Timothy, Alicia, or Russell hay, is a good place to start looking for quality forage. Timothy tends to contain a bit more heavy stalks if it is baled late. A lot of horses seem to prefer the softer, wider blades contained in the Orchard grass type hay.
Alicia and Russell hay, grown primarily in the south east, are good forage choices as well. Alicia hay is a finer grass, that tolerates heat and drought quite well. Russell hay is a bit thicker, with an overall higher protein content. Coastal Bermuda hay is also an excellent choice for a nice grass type base to your feeding program.
Finding a good hay producer can sometimes be difficult. Talk with the farmer about his crop first, and inspect the hay before buying. No matter the type, all hay should have a good green color, a fresh smell, no dust, and no mold. (This last is particularly important.) Buying poor hay will not save you money in the long run, as you will end up with unnecessary vet bills.
Having the hay tested by your local agency for agriculture can also help you in setting up the best feeding program for your horse.
When setting up this program, take into account your horse's age, his activity level, and often times his breeding. Some breeds are harder keepers- meaning they require more supplementation in their diet to maintain proper weight- than others. You'll need to be aware of this, so that you can plan accordingly for their dietary needs.
Feeding a horse the right way really isn't difficult. Find quality hay and let your horse eat as much as he or she chooses. Supplement as needed and balance the nutrients in the hay. Give the horse fresh water and a salt lick and plenty of exercise, and you will find you have a healthy and happy horse.
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