Composting toilets use biological processes to deal with the disposal and processing of human excrement into organic compost material. There are two basic types of compost toilet, those that complete the composting process and those that are emptied to a separate compost pile remote from the toilet itself.
The methods of transforming human excrement into safe and helpful compost stuff can take at least 3 months to few years relying on reasons like the climate, temperature and other such factors, and within 4-6 years it will convert into highly mineralized soil.
There are some composting toilets which side-by-side converts the urine into an odor-free, pathogen-free organic liquid fertilizer.
Human faeces can be very risky if you come in contact because of improper or incomplete compost as it may contain bacteria and other pathogens that are linked with the human disease. Due to this factor, human waste should not be considered as a fertilizer until and unless it is not composted properly.
If you have a composting toilet which is for home use then both solids and the liquids get collected in the same box which is under the toilet. Then these waste materials are muddled up with the peat moss and gradually it decays. The storage tank is normally large due to the large quantity of liquids as compared to the solid waste.
Some composting toilets use electricity, while others do not. Some electrical systems use fans to exhaust air and increase microbial activity. Other systems require the user to rotate a composting drum or otherwise stir the composting humanure from time to time.
As some composting toilets are large it requires a particular large space in the room below the toilet. There are also toilets which are not bigger than a traditional toilet. The small systems do not charge to finish the composting on-site, but get prepared for secondary composting in other far away location.
Normally every composting toilet finally requires some kind of end product removal. If a composting toilet is of big size then you do not have to eliminate the solids for years only if the volume of the tank is minimum of three times the yearly addition. There will be decrease of the volume in due course of time and after 5 years only 1-2 % of the main volume will be left. Then you will get a soil full of minerals which will not further decay.
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